Child
Health professionals have outlined the reasons why parents ought to inform their children about their HIV-positive status.
Nonetheless, they advised parents and caretakers to handle the topic of disclosing an HIV-positive status to children with care, emphasizing that such decisions ought to be influenced by the child’s age and comprehension level.
The pediatricians stated that disclosing an HIV status to children relies on various elements, notably the child’s developmental phase as well as weighing the pros and cons involved.
HIV remains a significant public health issue in Nigeria, where approximately two million people are presently infected with the virus.
According to a recent survey conducted by the National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Nigeria reports an HIV prevalence rate of 1.3 percent. The agency further highlights that Nigeria boasts the largest population of individuals affected by HIV within both Western and Central African regions.
However, in an exclusive interview with PUNCH Healthwise, Professor Aminu Mohammed from the Faculty of Pediatric Surgery at Bayero University, Kano State, stated that for infants and young children, specifically those ranging from birth to four years old, there is no requirement for disclosure.
The pediatric oncologist specializing in congenital diseases mentioned that children between the ages of four and six might be informed about their condition with simplified information tailored to match their cognitive development stage.
It’s a crucial and intricate scenario because children have varying levels of understanding. Some are unable to grasp the situation, while others struggle to explain what is occurring.
“So, you must categorize the ages to determine the appropriate level of information required. For children from zero to four years old, no explanation is necessary since they won’t understand it. However, for those between four and six, a gentle approach should suffice—just inform them about certain specific germs they ought to watch out for when playing or engaging in various activities,” explained Mohammed.
Nevertheless, the specialist highlighted that complete transparency about one’s health condition should start when children reach the age of seven so they can adequately grasp their medical requirements and adhere to treatments.
He continued, “However, for children aged seven to eleven, complete transparency about preventive measures, protective actions, and enhancing their well-being should be provided. Additionally, they will value receiving their medications at the correct times.”
The boss stated that teenagers aged 12 and older should receive complete information, covering aspects like the danger of transmission and potential complications.
“But for individuals aged 12 and above, complete transparency is necessary, which includes explaining the risks of spreading the virus, potential complications, as well as the likelihood of transmitting it. Thus, classification is required,” he further stated.
Even though sharing information at an early stage can be advantageous for particular age groups, the advisor warned that some young children might struggle with keeping secrets, which could lead to possible stigmatization.
Nevertheless, the pediatric surgeon recommended that parents collaborate with their doctors and psychologists to help ready the child emotionally prior to disclosing the HIV status to them.
“It needs to involve collaboration between the psychologist and the healthcare professionals. Therefore, it shouldn’t primarily be the responsibility of the parent to provide counseling. There are specialists trained to support both parents and children, ensuring everyone comprehends their respective roles to minimize anxiety, depression, and related emotional impacts on both the child and the parents,” he stated.
Supporting Mohammed, Dr. Abdurrazzaq Alege, a Consultant Paediatrician at the Federal Teaching Hospital in Katsina, stated that informing children about their medical condition could enhance their inclination towards seeking healthcare services.
As per his view, the revelation isn’t a single occurrence but rather a procedure that benefits from an earlier initiation.
The primary issue in HIV treatment revolves around consistently taking the prescribed medications over an extended period. Maintaining this regimen can be challenging for prolonged durations, particularly since it proves tough for many individuals, including adults. Imagine how much harder it must be for children who lack understanding of their condition. Therefore, early disclosure often brings significant advantages.
“The danger of withholding information prematurely lies in potential difficulties later regarding the child’s long-term therapy,” he explained.
Nevertheless, the consultant cautioned against what he termed as improper disclosure, emphasizing that issues might emerge if the revelation isn’t handled correctly.
As he suggests, it’s essential to establish a connection, foster confidence, and cultivate trust with the child prior to sharing this kind of information.
There is a set of guidelines regarding the type of information you share with a child at specific ages. Typically, revealing details is not solely the responsibility of the parents; healthcare providers play a crucial role in this process.
“Complete transparency should be achieved by the age of twelve. This process typically requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. It usually includes involvement from healthcare providers as well as caregivers such as parents or guardians. These individuals all collaborate to ensure proper disclosure,” explained the expert.
Alege, nevertheless, encouraged the parents to go through the process with their children both before and after the disclosure.
The caregiver must provide emotional backing, assisting the child in grasping that their world isn’t ending. Provided they follow their treatment plan, they will lead lives just like anyone else. Alongside this, the child should receive psychological aid and social support from within the family.
This is crucial since the child must learn not to share this information with everyone. Whatever you tell the child ought to remain confidential between both of you. At this point, the primary individual involved should be the parent. Sharing such details shouldn’t reach uncles, cousins, or anyone else, as doing so could lead to stigmatization.
“Absolutely, additional types of support encompass nutritional and broad assistance, which do not solely revolve around finances, but guaranteeing the child leads a healthy lifestyle. Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in medical treatments. It is well understood that adequate nourishment enhances the effectiveness of medications and contributes positively to the child’s general wellbeing,” the consultant further explained.
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